HSK 1

The HSK (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì, 汉语水平考试) is China's official Chinese proficiency test — and if you're studying Mandarin, it's the benchmark that measures how far you've come. Six levels span from absolute beginner (HSK 1) to near-native fluency (HSK 6), and each one gives you a concrete milestone to work toward.

Whether you need HSK scores for university admission in China or Taiwan, for a job application, or simply to track your progress, this guide covers everything: exam structure at each level, study timelines, the best free resources, and test-day strategies that actually work. We'll focus on HSK 1 through 3 — the foundation levels that take you from zero to intermediate.

For the complete Mandarin learning roadmap — including how HSK fits into your overall study plan — see our complete guide to learning Mandarin.

What Is the HSK?

The HSK is administered by Hanban, a Chinese government agency, and is recognized worldwide as the standard measure of Mandarin Chinese proficiency. Over 700,000 people take the exam each year at test centers in more than 120 countries.

The six levels:

• HSK 1: 150 words — basic greetings, numbers, simple sentences
• HSK 2: 300 words — simple daily conversations
• HSK 3: 600 words — communicate on everyday topics
• HSK 4: 1,200 words — discuss a wide range of topics
• HSK 5: 2,500 words — read newspapers, give speeches
• HSK 6: 5,000+ words — near-native comprehension

Who needs the HSK? Chinese universities require HSK 4–5 scores for admission to degree programs taught in Mandarin. Some Taiwan programs accept the TOCFL (Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language) instead, but HSK is increasingly recognized in Taiwan too. Employers in China, Singapore, and international companies value HSK scores as proof of Chinese ability. Even if you don't need it formally, HSK gives you a structured framework for measuring progress.

HSK 1: The Starting Point

HSK 1 tests whether you can understand and use very basic Mandarin. Can you introduce yourself? Order food? Ask for the time? If you've been studying for a month or two, you're probably close.

Exam structure:

• Listening: 20 minutes, 20 questions. Short dialogues with a question about each one.
• Reading: 20 minutes, 20 questions. Match sentences to pictures, fill in blanks, answer simple comprehension questions.
• Total time: About 40 minutes (including 5 minutes for filling in personal information).
• No writing section.

Vocabulary: 150 words. These include personal pronouns (我, 你, 他), numbers, days of the week, basic verbs (是, 有, 去, 吃, 喝), common nouns (家, 学校, 朋友, 水), and essential adjectives (好, 大, 小, 多, 少).

Grammar: Basic SVO sentence structure, question formation with 吗 (ma), simple negation with 不 (bù) and 没 (méi), and basic measure words like 个 (gè).

Study timeline: 1–2 months of daily study (30–60 minutes per day). If you're starting from zero, spend your first two weeks on Pinyin and tones before touching HSK vocabulary.

HSK 2: Building Momentum

HSK 2 expands your vocabulary to 300 words and tests whether you can handle simple, routine conversations. The exam format is similar to HSK 1 but with longer dialogues and more complex reading passages.

Exam structure:

• Listening: 25 minutes, 20 questions. Slightly longer dialogues, some with three exchanges.
• Reading: 25 minutes, 20 questions. More text-heavy questions, including short passages.
• Total time: About 50 minutes.
• No writing section.

What HSK 2 adds: More complex sentence patterns, past tense markers (了, le), basic conjunctions (因为...所以, 虽然...但是), and expanded vocabulary for daily life — weather, transportation, shopping, and directions.

Study timeline: 2–3 months after passing HSK 1. By this point, you should have a solid daily study routine and be comfortable with basic characters.

HSK 3: The Intermediate Threshold

HSK 3 is where things get serious. It's the bridge between beginner and intermediate Mandarin, and it's the level many universities and employers use as a minimum threshold.

Exam structure:

• Listening: 35 minutes, 20 questions. Longer dialogues and short monologues.
• Reading: 40 minutes, 20 questions. Paragraph-length passages with comprehension questions.
• Writing: 25 minutes, 10 questions. This is new — you must write characters by hand. No Pinyin is provided for the writing section.
• Total time: About 100 minutes.

Vocabulary: 600 words total (300 new words beyond HSK 2). This includes abstract vocabulary, more complex verbs, and expressions for opinions, comparisons, and hypothetical situations.

The writing section is the biggest jump from HSK 2. You'll need to rearrange words into correct sentences by hand and fill in missing characters. This means you can't rely on Pinyin — you must recognize and produce characters from memory. Start practicing character handwriting early in your HSK 3 preparation.

This video covers practical HSK exam strategies that apply across all levels, with specific tips for the HSK 3 writing section.

Study timeline: 3–6 months after HSK 2. The jump from HSK 2 to HSK 3 is significant — you're doubling your vocabulary and adding a writing section. Don't rush it.

Study Plan: HSK 1 to HSK 3 in 12 Months

Here's a realistic timeline for going from zero to HSK 3 in about a year. This assumes 1–2 hours of daily study, 5–6 days per week.

Months 1–2: Foundation → HSK 1

• Weeks 1–2: Master Pinyin and all four tones. This is non-negotiable — bad tones now cause problems forever.
• Weeks 3–4: Learn first 50 HSK 1 words. Practice basic greetings and sentence patterns.
• Weeks 5–8: Complete all 150 HSK 1 words. Start character recognition. Take practice tests.
• Milestone: Pass a mock HSK 1 exam with 80%+ score.

Months 3–5: HSK 2

• Learn 150 new words (HSK 2 vocabulary). Focus on sentence patterns and grammar.
• Start reading simple texts — Du Chinese beginner stories are perfect.
• Begin language exchange or tutoring sessions for speaking practice.
• Milestone: Pass a mock HSK 2 exam with 80%+ score by month 5.

Months 6–12: HSK 3

• Learn 300 new words. This is the big expansion — pace yourself.
• Practice handwriting characters daily for the writing section.
• Read graded readers and simple news articles (The Chairman's Bao HSK 3 level).
• Take full-length practice exams monthly to track progress.
• Milestone: Pass a mock HSK 3 exam with 70%+ score by month 12.

While this video focuses on HSK 4, the study strategies and resource recommendations apply to HSK 3 preparation as well. The study plan structure is especially useful.

Weekly schedule template:

• Monday–Friday: 30 min vocabulary (Anki/Skritter) + 30 min grammar/textbook + 15 min listening
• Saturday: 60 min practice test section (alternating listening and reading each week)
• Sunday: 30 min graded reading + 30 min speaking practice (language exchange or shadowing)

Best Resources by Level

HSK 1:

• HelloChinese — app designed for absolute beginners, with speaking exercises and character writing
• HSK Standard Course 1 — the official textbook, aligned exactly with the exam
• Anki HSK 1 deck — free shared deck with all 150 words and audio

HSK 2:

• HSK Standard Course 2 — continues the official curriculum
• Du Chinese — beginner-level graded stories with tap-to-translate
• ChinesePod Newbie series — audio lessons that reinforce HSK 2 vocabulary in context

HSK 3:

• HSK Standard Course 3 — official textbook with workbook and audio
• HSK Online app — practice tests and exercises specifically for HSK 3
• Past exam papers — available free online. Nothing prepares you better than real exam questions under timed conditions.

This comprehensive video course covers the full HSK 1 curriculum in about 10 hours of instruction. It's an excellent supplement to your textbook study, especially for self-learners who don't have a classroom teacher.

Test-Day Strategies

Knowing Mandarin and passing the HSK are related but different skills. These strategies help you maximize your score on exam day.

Listening section: Read the questions and answer choices before the audio plays. You get a few seconds between questions — use them to preview what's coming. This lets you listen for specific information rather than trying to understand every word. If you miss a question, move on immediately — don't lose the next three questions because you're stuck on one.

Reading section: Time management is critical. Don't spend more than 2 minutes on any single passage. If you're stuck on a character, skip it and answer what you can. For matching questions, eliminate obviously wrong answers first. For fill-in-the-blank questions, read the full sentence before choosing — context is everything.

Writing section (HSK 3 only): Practice writing characters by hand under time pressure before the exam. You'll need to write quickly and legibly. If you forget a character's exact strokes, write the closest approximation — partial credit is better than a blank answer. Rearrangement questions (putting words in the right order) are easier than character production — do these first.

Registration and logistics: Register at chinesetest.cn — the official HSK website. HSK 1–3 is offered monthly at most test centers. Paper-based tests are most common; computer-based tests are available at select centers. Exam fees range from $15–$50 depending on level and location. Bring your ID and a few pencils (for paper-based tests).

After HSK 3: What's Next?

HSK 3 is a significant achievement — you can communicate on everyday topics, read simple texts, and write basic sentences in Chinese. From here, HSK 4 opens doors to university admission and professional opportunities.

HSK 4 preparation requires 1,200 words — double HSK 3. The listening gets faster, the reading gets longer, and the writing section requires composing short paragraphs. Plan 6–12 months for HSK 4 after passing HSK 3.

Using HSK scores for university applications. Most Chinese-taught undergraduate programs require HSK 4–5. Some Taiwan universities accept TOCFL scores as an alternative. Check individual program requirements early — HSK scores are valid for 2 years for admission purposes.

Your HSK journey is part of a larger Mandarin learning plan. Strengthen your foundation with our guides on mastering Mandarin tones and remembering Chinese characters. And for the fastest path to HSK success, nothing beats studying Mandarin in Taiwan — where every day is immersion practice.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many times per year is the HSK administered?

HSK 1–3 can be taken monthly at most test centers worldwide. HSK 4–6 is offered less frequently — typically 3–5 times per year. Computer-based tests may have additional dates. Check chinesetest.cn for the schedule at your nearest test center.

Is HSK required for studying in Taiwan?

Not always. Many Taiwan universities accept the TOCFL (Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language) instead of HSK. Some programs accept both. Check individual university requirements — this is especially relevant if you're looking at Mandarin programs in Taiwan. Language study programs (as opposed to degree programs) often don't require any test score at all.

Can I take the HSK online?

Paper-based tests are still the most common format. Computer-based HSK is available at select test centers. At-home online testing was introduced during the pandemic and remains available in some regions — check the official HSK website for current options in your area.

How long are HSK scores valid?

HSK scores are valid for 2 years for university admission purposes. For employment, many companies accept older scores, but some may request a recent test result. If you're using HSK for academic applications, plan your test date within 2 years of your application deadline.

What's the passing score for HSK?

Each HSK level has a maximum score of 200 points. The passing score is 120 points (60%) for all levels. You need to pass both the listening and reading sections — you can't compensate for a very low listening score with a high reading score. For HSK 3, the writing section is scored separately.

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• Mandarin Grammar: Key Structures for Beginners
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• Mandarin Programs in Taiwan